In addition, it is the most important formal content category of the work, i.e. In addition to the genre-forming function, which Bakhtin noted, the chronotop also performs the main plot-forming function. Thus, the chronotop in literature is the interrelation of the space-time relations developed in a particular work of art. Therefore, the space and time of one artwork will never be like the space and time of another work, and even more so it will not be like real space and time. It should be noted that when creating an artwork, the author gives space and time in it with subjective characteristics that reflect the author's worldview. Time and space in a literary work are the main components of the artistic image that contribute to the holistic perception of artistic reality and organize the composition of the work. Therefore, this term Bakhtin assigns a key role in the understanding of narrative forms and their development.
In addition, according to Bakhtin, the chronotope is a defining indicator of the genre affiliation of the work.
As Bakhtin notes, the chronotope of the novel largely determines the development of the actions and behavior of the characters. In his work, the author shows that the images of a person in literature, placed in certain space-time conditions, are capable of acquiring historical significance. The basis of his analysis Bakhtin put the European and, in particular, the antique novel. The main task for himself in this work, the author sees the study of the concept of chronotop within the framework of the novel as a genre. Essays on historical poetics ", written in 1937-1938. Bakhtin, devoted to the category of time and space, is “Forms of time and chronotope in the novel. The distribution of the definition of chronotope in literature is the merit of the famous Russian scientist, philosopher, literary critic, philologist and culturologist M. The emergence and widespread use of the term chronotop is largely due to the natural scientific discoveries of the beginning of the 20th century, which contributed to rethinking the picture of the world as a whole. The concept of chronotop itself comes from the ancient Greek "chronos" (time) and "topos" (place) and means the union of spatial and temporal parameters, aimed at the expression of a specific meaning.įor the first time this term began to be used by the psychologist Ukhtomsky in connection with his physiological studies. The category of space and time is an integral component of the construction of the author’s picture of the world. Including the life of a person, his thoughts, experiences, actions and events. The research summarized will consider what the pedagogical and semantic implications of these generic differences might be.Literature, like other forms of art, is designed to reflect the surrounding reality. A corpus of L1 and L2 cover letters will be reviewed and linguistic markers of time and space will be compared to establish chronotopic move markers and chronotopic generic differences. In this way, the chronotope can be used as a device to analyze specific genres that are of interest to ESP composition, and can then be used as an instructional tool for the teaching of these particular genres to students within the ESP community.
Central to this theory will be the idea that the individual "moves" within genres are defined by their use of time and space. This paper will examine Bakhtin's theory that a genre's unity is defined by its chronotope and assume that, if this is true, the rhetorical unity within a specific genre could also be defined by its chronotope.